How & When to Add References to Your CV (With Examples)

Should you put references on your CV?

In most cases, you shouldn’t include references on your CV unless the job posting specifically asks for them. Employers typically check references later in the hiring process, after reviewing your application and completing at least one interview.

Including references too early takes up valuable CV space that’s better used to highlight your skills, work experience, and accomplishments. Instead, prepare a separate reference sheet that you can share upon request.

There are exceptions, however. Some employers, particularly in academic, government, or international settings, expect references to be listed upfront. If the job description clearly states to include references, follow those instructions.

Otherwise, leave your references off your CV and use that space to make a strong first impression by focusing on your qualifications.

How to put references on your CV

If a job posting asks for references on your CV, here’s how to list them correctly:

Ask for permission from your referees

Before listing anyone as a reference, always ask for their permission first. Asking is courteous and ensures they’re prepared to be contacted by employers. Giving your referees notice allows them to provide thoughtful, relevant feedback that highlights your strengths.

When reaching out, explain the role you’re applying for and why you’d appreciate their endorsement. A short email or phone call is usually enough. Confirm their preferred contact details (such as phone number and email) and how they’d like their name and title to appear on your CV.

Include the correct information for each reference

When listing references on your CV, list the following for each reference:

• Full name
• Professional title
• Company, university, or organisation
• Email address
• Phone number

For example:

Dr Sarah Thompson

Senior Research Supervisor, Department of Biology

University of Derby

Email: sarah.thompson@derby.ac.uk

Phone: 01332 1296 1234

Describe your relationship to each referee

It’s good practice to include a brief note explaining how each referee knows you. This explanation gives the employer useful context and shows that your references are directly relevant to the role you’re applying for.

Below is an example of a full references section on a CV:

Frequently asked questions about references on a CV

Here are answers to some of the most common questions about including references on your CV:

When should I put references on my CV?

You should include references on your CV only in specific circumstances. Most of the time, it’s best to leave them off and provide them separately when asked. However, in a few situations, listing references directly on your CV is appropriate and sometimes even expected:

• When the employer explicitly requests them: If the job advert or application instructions ask for references to be included in your CV, follow the guidance exactly. Not doing so could be seen as failing to follow directions.
• When the job description mentions references: If the job description states something like ‘please include two professional references’, list them clearly at the end of your CV or on a separate page.
• When a reference significantly strengthens your application: If a reference from a respected figure, like a former manager, mentor, or award-giver, would add weight to your application, you may choose to include that reference. Adding a reference in this situation is particularly helpful in competitive fields or when applying for academic, research, or public sector roles.

When should I not include references on my CV?

Sometimes it’s better to leave references off your CV entirely:

• When the job description says not to: Some employers specifically ask that you don’t include references at the application stage. Ignoring this instruction can give the impression that you haven’t read the requirements carefully.
• When you don’t have strong referees: If you’re unsure whether your current referees can confidently speak about your work, or if you simply don’t have enough relevant contacts, wait until you’ve secured stronger references before including them.
• When your referees aren’t relevant to your target job or industry: A referee from an unrelated field may not add value to your application.

In general, only include references when they directly support your application or are explicitly requested. Otherwise, use that space to highlight your accomplishments, skills, and relevant experience more effectively.

Who can be a reference on a CV?

A good reference is someone who can vouch for your skills, work ethic, and professional character, ideally in a context that’s relevant to the job you’re applying for. In most cases, choose people you’ve worked with in a professional, academic, or supervisory capacity.

Here are common types of referees you can include:

• Former managers or supervisors: These are typically the most valuable references, as they can speak directly to your performance, reliability, and achievements.
• Colleagues or team leads: If you worked closely with someone on projects or day-to-day tasks, they can provide insight into your collaboration and communication skills.
• Clients or collaborators: Freelancers or self-employed professionals can use clients or business partners as referees.
• Professors or academic advisors: Ideal for students or recent graduates with limited work experience, especially if the referee supervised your coursework, thesis, or research.
• Volunteer coordinators or organisation leaders: If you’ve volunteered in a structured role, these individuals can speak to your sense of responsibility and initiative.

Avoid using personal friends or family members as references. Instead, choose people who’ve observed your work first-hand and can offer a credible endorsement. Always ask for their permission before listing them, and confirm they’re comfortable discussing your strengths in the context of the role you’re pursuing.

How many references should you put on a CV?

You should put as many references as the employer asks for on your CV. If no specific number is mentioned, use the following numbers as a general guideline:

• 2–3 referees for entry-level to mid-level roles
• 3–5 referees for senior or upper-management roles

Should I say ‘References available upon request’?

No, you don’t need to include the phrase ‘References available upon request’ on your CV. This line is outdated and unnecessary because employers already assume you’ll provide references when asked.